ABSTRACT
Teaching chemistry without access to a traditional laboratory space is an ongoing challenge that has become especially relevant because of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. While several remote learning options exist for covering general chemistry concepts (including kitchen-based experiments, online modules, and virtual reality), few options provide opportunities for hands-on learning about the chemistry of synthetic polymer materials. Here, we offer remote learning modules that use household adhesives as a platform for teaching polymer chemistry outside of the laboratory. These modules are designed for students who have taken at least one semester of organic chemistry and have varied hands-on time commitments, ranging from 2 to 10 total hours each. Concepts covered include polymer synthesis, intermolecular interactions, thermomechanical properties, structure–function relationships, and molecular design. The experiments described in these modules also give students a chance to practice research-relevant skills such as searching for primary literature sources, fabricating test samples, explaining unexpected experimental results, and revising experimental procedures to improve methodologies. Ultimately, these modules provide educators with an additional tool for teaching experimental chemistry outside of the laboratory.
ABSTRACT
Introduction/Background: Airborne transmission of COVID-19 may be possible in aerosol-generating procedures, such as the emergency front-of-neck access (eFONA) cricothyroidotomy procedure. Given this, it is necessary to maximize first-pass success. Due to its low incidence rate, eFONA cricothyroidotomy is a high-risk and difficult procedure, with a low first-pass success rate. Therefore, it is important that front-line care providers responsible for airway management have adequate training on how to build and maintain competency in performing eFONA. A three-dimensional (3D) printed model is an effective way to both teach and maintain these skills. This allows the development of inexpensive, anatomically correct models for practice of a wide range of specific, low incidence medical-procedural skills. These models can be created from 3D printed molds that are specifically designed to provide advanced haptic simulation for learners. Methods/Results: PolyJet 3D (Stratasys, Eden Prairie, MN, USA) printing was used to allow customized material properties and surface finish giving the ability to print in multiple materials at once and enable tunable elastic properties.The stereolithography file was provided with the AirwayApp. An initial review of the wall thicknesses and geometry was completed. Using the values for the previously reported tracheal modulus of elasticity, a digital materials data sheet for the PolyJet 3D printing process was used to determine the proper primary and secondary material. IRB approval was not required. Conclusions: We have developed an improved 3D printed eFONA simulation model to allow airway practitioners to practice this life-saving skill. Enhancing airway providers' skill set for performing the eFONA procedure will reduce the risk of multiple eFONA attempts and potential risk of COVID-19 transmission. In these specific, low incidence medical procedures, accuracy and competency is critical to ensure safety for all.
ABSTRACT
This epilogue to the Special Issue on Language Challenges in the 21st Century offers commentary on the current state of social scientific inquiry in the field of language and social psychology. Inspired by the seven articles that make up this Special Issue, I became curious about what we would find if we sought language opportunities instead of language challenges in the 21st century. I recommend future scholarship at the intersections of global and linguistic diversity include a positive social science approach in order to consider the full spectrum of challenges and assets. I conclude with a note about the direction of future research related to COVID-19. © The Author(s) 2020.